7. Property operating expenses
Property operating expenses can be specified as follows:
2024 | 2023 | |
Property (and related) taxes | 17 | 15 |
Landlord levy | - | - |
Property management costs | 9 | 9 |
Maintenance costs | 55 | 45 |
Fitting out costs | 4 | 5 |
Letting and marketing fees | 5 | 4 |
Miscellaneous operational costs | 15 | 11 |
Total | 105 | 89 |
Operating expenses, including non-recoverable service charges, amounted to 28.0% of the total amount of gross rental income and other income in 2024 (2023: 25.2%).
Taxes consist primarily of property taxes. The property management costs, letting and marketing fees are management expenses allocated to the property operating expenses.